Tuesday, 11 September 2012

1904-07-09



Queer things happen in this old world of ours. Away back in the fifties, there lived in a country town within forty miles of Hamilton, a young Englishman who became acquainted with a girl of English parentage, and in due course of time they were convinced that if ever a love match was made in heaven, surely it was their. They married, and to better their condition in life, as the outlook in those days in the Canadian village was not very bright, they went west and settled in Illinois. Three or four children were born to them, and they were as happy as a family could be. The man worked at whatever presented, but, in an evil hour, he decided to go into the saloon business, where money could be made more easily than by the sweat of his brow. It was humiliating to his good wife, who was well-educated and a Christian, and she felt that it was a dragging down of herself and the children from a proper position in life. As he was one of his own best customers at the bar, the happy home was turned into confusion. The war broke out in 1861, and the man, having a chance to sell his saloon, availed himself of it, and he enlisted in the first cavalry regiment raised in Illinois under President Lincoln’s call for 75,000 men. Being an educated man, and well qualified for clerical work, he was appointed orderly sergeant of his company. The regiment was in one of the first battles, and had the misfortune to be captured, and nearly the entire regiment became prisoners of war. In the early days of the war, neither the union nor the confederate governments had any desire to hold prisoners, so the regiment was paroled and sent home under pledge not to again enter the service unless duly exchanged. While awaiting parole, the sergeant became infatuated with a young woman living in the southern town, and after returning to Illinois with his regiment for muster out of service, he visited his family, remaining only a few days, and when he left home, he said he was going to re-enlist under the old captain, who was then raising a regiment for the three years’ service. That was the last his wife or children ever saw or heard of him. No tidings coming back to them, and not knowing what regiment he might have enlisted in, the faithful wife had come to the sad conclusion after months of inquiry that her husband had either been killed in battle or had died from wounds or sickness in a hospital. The war came to an end, and the wife mourned for the soldier who did not return. That he was dead, she had no reason to doubt, for even in his worst moods he was never unkind to her or the children. The mother devoted herself to caring for the children, having to work early and late to provide them with food and clothing. The oldest boy, who was not more than eight years of age when his father left, helped his mother with the small wages he could earn, and at night and during spare hours in daytime, he laid the foundation of an education that in after years gave him a prominent position. The time came when this boy, grown to manhood, was able to relieve his mother from having to work for a living, but he also paid the expenses of educating a younger brother and his sisters. Some friends suggested to the widow that she should apply to the government for a pension, but when her claim was investigated, it was thrown out because there was no proof of how or when or where her husband died. In later years, the widow returned to the Canadian town where she had spent her girlhood days and where she had been married. The son, who was in Hamilton temporarily, told the writer the history, which resulted in another attempt to bring the case of the mother before the commissioner of pensions at Washington. At a preliminary hearing, it was deemed prudent to first write the captain of the company, who was then living in Chicago, to find any was that might lead up to the death of the husband, but he had no information beyond the mustering out of the regiment after the disastrous fight in Missouri, when it was gobbled up by the confederate forces under General Price. Pending the arrival of the letter from the captain, notice came from the pension department at Washington, that a man of the name of the husband was then drawing a pension for service rendered in 1861, in the same company and regiment of cavalry, and that man was then living in the city of Toronto. Like a thunder clap from a clear sky came this news to the son who for forty years had mourned for his father who he supposed had died on the field of battle. Here was that father living within fifty miles of where his mother had been making her home for years. What was he to do under the circumstances? His mother had almost reached the end of life’s journey, having completed the allotted years of three score and ten. All these forty years, she had mourned as dead the husband to whom she had plighted her life more than a half century before in the little Canadian town. Would it be wise to dispel the illusion in which she lived? The writer was in Toronto a short time after word came that the husband and father was there, and at the request of the son, he hunted up the man and found him living in comfortable circumstances with a woman he called his wife. When the son was fully satisfied with the perfidy of the father whose memory he had worshipped as having given his life on the field of battle, his reverence was turned to hatred and he registered a vow that he would never come in contact with him nor look upon his face. The aged mother is still living. Whether or not she has been informed that her husband lives within fifty miles of her home with another woman whom he calls his wife, the writer does not know. More than one incident of this kind has come under our personal knowledge during the seven years we have been in Hamilton.

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          The Burning Springs, in Barton township, five miles from Hamilton, were noted for their medical properties about the year 1850. There was not what now be called a large summer hotel on the property, which was for some reason allowed to run down and get badly out of repair.  An enterprising tavern keeper named J. Hayward, thought he saw a speculation in leasing the property and fixing it up for the accommodation of invalids, and he spent quite a bit of money in giving a through renovation. Water with a sulphurous taste and a smell like unto rotten eggs has always been supposed to have efficacious power in the curing of scrofulous or cutaneous tumors, rheumatism and kindred diseases of the blood, our forefathers having drank so eagerly of sulphur springs water as do the invalids of the present day. The other an aged Hibernian gentleman and his life partner were coming up James street, the wife carrying a large tin bucket that would hold a couple of gallons. They were strangers in Hamilton, but away back in their country home they had heard of the curative properties of the sulphur springs near Ancaster, and they came in order to get a bucketful to carry back with them to their home. The old gentleman and lady were pictures of health, and although they may have passed three score years and ten, yet their appearance indicated that the angel of death was not camping very close in their trail. Probably the waters from the Ancaster springs were intended to bring new life and hope to some loved one, and they cheerfully came on the pilgrimage with faith that some relief would come to the afflicted one. That old gentleman’s inquiry brought back to memory the number of noted springs that were within a half dozen miles of this city and that in the long ago were so eagerly patronized by those who thought their sands of life were fast ebbing away. A few weeks ago, in these Musings, we mentioned that Mr. Dalley kept a drug store in this city away back in the forties, that everyday he received from Ancaster a fresh supply of the health-giving and blood-purifying waters for the use of a large number of customers, who bought it by the jugful and drank it instead of well water. Now and then we hear of persons going to sulphur springs in the United States as well as the resorts here in Canada, who could get as effective treatment within an hour’s ride from Hamilton. A few days ago, a young man was sent from this city to a noted sulphur springs in Pennsylvania. He had been an invalid for a year or more from a disease of the stomach, and he became so reduced in strength that two members of an Oddfellows’ lodge in this city had to accompany him, the lodge bearing all the expense, for the poor fellow had spent his last dollar during his year of enforced idleness on account of sickness. Surely the old springs near Hamilton have not lost their medicinal qualities, and they might be found just as efficacious as they were half a century ago.

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          Baldheaded people are usually very sensitive to any reference to the absence of a capillary covering for their brain box; and how it makes one squirm to have a barber run his fingers through the thin locks and sarcastically ask if they don’t want their hair trimmed? A barber in the city of Washington had a baldheaded victim in his chair and thus decanted on a new remedy for the cure of baldness; “Take a dozen white potatoes,” said the barber, “and pare them lengthwise from end to end, instead of crosswise as usual. Boil them in a quart of water, and drain the water off into a bottle and add a teaspoon of salt. Rub this compound into the scalp three times a day, and it will change a thin, moth-eaten head of hair into a thick and vigorous crop,” said the barber, proudly rubbing his own head. “I used potato water three times a week for three months. Look at me now.” Ever since the days of the prophet Elijah, whom the wicked children jeered and shouted, “thou baldhead”, has poor bald-topped humanity been looking for a remedy that would restore the hirsute covering. They sent out bears to eat up the wicked children for making fun of the unfortunate old prophet, and many a baldhead would be glad could he set the bears on the barber who jestfully asks, “Do you want your hair trimmed?” There may be something in the remedy proposed by the Washington barber, and before bedtime this Saturday night, there will be many a pot of potato boiling in Hamilton, and heads soaked with the curative liquid.

Sunday, 9 September 2012

1903-02-14



When the roll call of the Hamilton Old Boys is called next August, Dr. Samuel. S. Kilvington, now a celebrated physician and surgeon in Minneapolis, will answer “Here!” He was plain Sam Kilvington when, as a boy, he left Hamilton in 1863 and went over to Ohio to see if a better living could not be made there than here. Sam was born in Hamilton about fifty years ago, on King street east, the paternal home being outside of the city limits in those days. When the rebellion broke out in the Northwest and Canada had need of loyal sons to protect the old flag and put down the insurrection, Sam Kilvington, with many other Canadian boys who had gone from home, was among the first to return and shoulder a musket in defense of his native country. He suffered all the hardships of a soldier’s life during the campaign, and when the rebels were cleared out of the country, and law and the authority of the government were established, he laid aside the paraphernalia of war and once more took up the peaceful pursuits of a private citizen over among the Yankees. Sam went to the city of New York to hunt up a job, and about the first thing that presented itself was a situation in a hospital, and he soon became an expert nurse. One of the surgeons in the hospital took a fancy to him because he was attentive to duty, and took an interest in the work of the operating room, and gave him a deal of valuable instruction, using him for an assistant in the most delicate and complex cases. Sam got a taste for surgery and medicine and took up the study with a determination to fit himself for the profession, and the house surgeon gave him free access to everything that would help. In the course of time, he completed the prescribed course and passed a splendid examination, the practical advantages he had as a nurse and as a student under an eminent surgeon putting high up among the graduates. Now it was S. S. Kilvington, M. D., and with his parchment as authority that he was qualified to practice medicine, he left New York and turned the toes of his shoes toward the great flour city of the Northwest – Minneapolis, Here he put out his shingle and sat down to wait in patience for the patients that must come sooner or later.

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          Dr. Kilvington did not have to wait long, for his opportunity came in an unexpected manner. A wealthy Irishman met with an accident, in which his skull was so badly fractured that it seemed impossible to fit the bones together. The ablest surgical skill in Minneapolis was summoned, but no one made much headway in patching up the gentleman’s head. After a number of the most skillful had failed, and it seemed inevitable that the patient must die, the new doctor was called in. While in the hospital in New York, Dr. Kilvington had seen many cases of fracture where but little of the skull was large in pieces large enough to patch up, and this knowledge now came in good play. Indeed, the case in hand required a first-class mechanic as well as a surgeon, and Dr. Kilvington was a combination of both. There was a double incentive, to save the patient’s life and make a name and make a name for himself in his profession. When he got through with the job, every bone in the Irishman’s head was in place, the broken pieces being fastened together with silver plates, till the skull looked more like a plate of silver than an ordinary skull. The Irishman recovered, and as he was a man of wealth, he rewarded the doctor liberally, and he did more than that, for he was well-known in the city of Minneapolis, and not having anything to do, he spent his leisure in talking of the wonderful surgical skill of the man who saved his life. There is a tide in the affairs of men, and it flowed for Dr. Samuel S. Kilvington. His standing as a physician and surgeon was at once established, and patients and money flowed in upon him till he is now living up on Easy street. The brave young Canadian who went out in ’70 to help put down the Riel rebellion, and gave one year of his life to the defense of his country’s flag, has only turned the half century mark, and with a rigorous constitution and a reputation in his profession that places him high on the roll of surgeons, life must be to him a dream of happiness. When the Old Boys gather in Hamilton next August, Dr. Samuel Kilvington will be here to answer the roll call, and with him will come many of Hamilton’s sons and daughter who now have homes in Minneapolis.

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          We cannot use our space to better advantage today than in calling attention of the young people of Hamilton to what is being done to educate them on the lines of thought and reading that will fit them for the responsible duties of life. The higher the intellect is cultivated, the more refined becomes the individual. Raise a boy in the slums and he will rarely get above his environments. Poverty is no bar to intellectual attainments in these days of public schools, free libraries and free lectures, and all that is required is for one to take hold of the advantages offered. Some of the greatest and most useful men in Canada today had to dig out their own educational path while earning the means to keep body and soul together. There is no patent on brain expansion, and the field is open for every bright boy or girl who wants to get out of the common rut; but if they want to stick in the mire of ignorance, there is no help for it, and they and society are the losers, for it is to the best interest of Hamilton and of Canada that there should be an intellectual citizenship. But to get back to the opportunities for cultivation offered by Hamilton, all a free will offering to those who will avail themselves of the advantages. To begin with, there is the public library, with its thousands of volumes of the best of literature pertaining to science, biography, history, poetry, the higher classes of novels, and very little trash. Here is presented an opportunity for an education even though the student may have to toil in the workshop during the day. Better by far to spend the evening in the library or at home in study than in loitering around the streets, in barrooms or pool rooms. There is always a place up the ladder for brainy young men. The employer in search of brains for his workshop will never go to the streets, or to the bar, or the pool room to find it. In these days of electricity and improved machinery, the young man who wants to make his mark must be a student of science and mechanics; the mechanic who is constantly told how to do his work will, sooner or later, give place to the workman that is keeping pace with new ideas and methods. An hour spent each evening in the library digging up ideas from valuable books of reference will be worth a great deal at the end of the year to the young mechanic. And as girls are now pushing to the front in all the working departments, the same line of study would not be amiss for them.

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          Then there is the course of lectures on astronomy, given in the hall over the public, at which men of thought along that line of study give their services free. The lectures are illustrated and delivered in the simplest language, so that it does not require a technical knowledge of astronomy to enjoy them. To hear such lectures discussed broadens the mind and gives one a taste for reading that might not otherwise be stimulated. It is astonishing the ignorance that prevails on the subject of astronomy, even among pupils in the public schools. The association that manages and pays the expenses of the course certainly deserves credit for its efforts in furnishing free and delightful intellectual treats, and it is unfortunate that the lectures do no draw larger audiences. Among all the scholars in the public schools and in the Collegiate institute, one would think that there would be no difficulty in packing the hall to listen to the distinguished gentlemen who are brought here every two weeks by the association.

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          To the students of photography and the lovers of picturesque art, the Camera club presents an opportunity for study at its open evenings, when the outside world is invited to the library building to spend an hour, free of cost, in looking at the camera work of the Hamilton and other clubs with which it has an exchange connection. The slides displayed on the screen have artistic merit, for none but the best work is permitted. Each night the collection is new, and the visions are not alone of local scenery around Hamilton, but clubs in Canada and the United States send in bits of scenery and of rural and city life, so that the audience gets a broader idea of this world in which we live. And the descriptive lecture is interesting, and educational. An evening spent with the camera club is not only an education in photography, but one learns much in an hour that could not be gathered in a wide range of travel.

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          Then there are Dr. Salton’s travel talks, illustrated by the camera, which are given every two weeks in the Centenary church lecture room; the debating club in the lecture room at Knox church; the literary and debating clubs in many other churches; and the splendid opportunities presented by the Y.M.C.A. to cultivate both body and mind. When one looks at all the advantages the young people of the present day have and compare them with the few offered even a quarter century ago, we cannot only wonder why there are not more appreciated. There is no necessity in these days for ignorance on any subject of art, science, history, biography or literature, for there is a wealth of information to be had by only spending an evening or two each week at any one of the places herein mentioned. Everything is being done nowadays by the churches and educational institutions to brighten the lives and intellects of the young of both sexes. It is noticeable that in all the gatherings for study and mind improvement that women and girls make up the largest part of the audience. They have their reading clubs two or three evenings in the month for the study of the best in literature and poetry. One can always tell the difference between a card club woman and the woman who belongs to a literary club.

Saturday, 8 September 2012

1903-01-31



Away back in the fifties, when Canada was the only place on this continent where a runaway slave could breathe the air of freedom, the underground railroad did a large business in helping the unfortunate human chattel to get out of the country in which he was born and become a man under the protecting folds of the British flag. It cost hundreds of thousands of lives and untold millions of money to clear Old Glory from the dark stain of slavery. But it was not only the slaves who sung the old refrain :
                   “I want to go to Canada,
                    Where colored men are free.”
          For in those days, there were no extradition laws between Canada and the United States for certain classes of criminals, and it was but a span to cross the river at Niagara or Detroit for embezzlers and rascals of every kind to get into this land of freedom. Hamilton was the mecca of that class, as it was the nearest city to the border, and unfortunately got more than its share of undesirable citizens who stopped here long enough to decide upon their future. The old stagers will remember the panic of 1857, which began in Cincinnati by the failure of a loan and trust company, and quickly spread all over the American continent. The relations of Canada and the United States were so closely intertwined in a business way and in the location of so many Canadians in the border cities across the rivers, that a financial disturbance over there was felt here immediately. There was very little gold or silver in circulation in either country, and the bank notes were only as good as far as the personal integrity of the banks which made them, and, as a rule that not a very substantial guarantee. Out in the western states, there was unlimited quantities of what was known as wildcat currency, which might be good today, but not worth the paper it was written on tomorrow.
          This was the condition of affairs in the year 1857, when the events which are about to relate occurred. Dates are a hard thing to remember when one has no memoranda for reference, but to get as near as possible, we will risk the year as 1854 when Salmon P. Chase was elected governor of Ohio, and J. D. Breslin, treasurer of the state. The compensation of treasurer in those days was merely nominal, the honor of being elected to the important position being considered an equivalent for the services rendered as the work was done by the assistant treasurer and the clerical force of the office. However, the treasurers managed to be well paid, for they lent the large surplus on hand to private persons and to banks on which they received the big interest, for money was a scarce article forty or fifty years ago, and speculators were willing to pay well for the use of it. Like all his predecessors in the treasurer’s office, Breslin lent the funds to his political friends on personal security, and if there had been no panic to interfere, the probabilities are that every dollar would have been paid back without loss to the state or to Breslin’s bondsmen. The large interest was a temptation to Breslin, for during his term, his income would have been sufficient to place him easy circumstances, and in those days, there were no millionaires, $50,000 being considered a colossal fortune. Breslin had never been used to the handling of much more than came to him on his meager salary from the business to which he was engaged prior to his election to the high office of state treasurer. He was an active political worker in Northern Ohio, and through the efforts of influential friends, he received the nomination. One great element of his strength with his party was the influence of his brother-in-law in Tiffin, Ohio, who was an able platform speaker, and “there were giants” in those days. Bill Gibson, as he was best known, had the persuasive manner that could manage a caucus and pack a delegation, and when Northern Ohio went down to Columbus to the state convention to nominate a governor, state treasurer and other officers, Bill Gibson and his followers fairly swept everything before them. Salmon P. Chase was nominated for governor, and J. D. Breslin and his crowd were liberal in voting to distribute the other offices in different parts of the state. One must have taken a part in American politics to understand the fine wire-pulling that manages a state convention.

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          Breslin was a whole-souled fellow, and when opportunity offered was always glad to accommodate his friends. With the treasury of the wealthy state of Ohio in his control, he became an angel to the financially distressed, and it was not long before the surplus was scattered. The control of so much money made Breslin somewhat extravagant in his methods of living, for the interest rates alone was a large income, even if he did not use a dollar of the state money himself. Everything was lovely and all would have ended well had it not been for the financial crash which came in 1857. Men wealthy today were bankrupt tomorrow, and those who were debtors to Breslin were among the unfortunates to go down. In ordinary times, he could have discounted the notes and saved himself, but then it was every man for himself, and the banks were not taking any chances. Indeed, the banks were in deep water, and a majority of them never reached dry land again. In due course, the regular examination of the condition of the treasury came, when Breslin would have to show up every dollar. He called in vain upon the men whom he had befriended in their days of adversity, but they could not respond. Disgrace and arrest stared Breslin in the face, so one night, after business hours, he went to the state house and packed up the available funds in the vault, and before daylight he was far on his way to Niagara Falls, and before he was missed in Columbus, he was on this side of the Niagara river, safe from pursuit, for their were no extradition laws to molest him.

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          Breslin and his wife came direct to Hamilton, and after spending a few days at the Anglo-American hotel, they secured board with Mrs. Almond, who lived in the brick block, then owned by Hickory Clark, on the south side of Gore street, between James and Hughson streets. There was a pretentious block of residences in those days, occupied by Hamilton’s elite. Its days of glory have long since vanished’ but it has even now an air of subdued gaiety. Mrs. Breslin was a handsome woman, who dressed well and in excellent taste, and Breslin was good counterpart, but did not intrude himself upon the public gaze. He was reputed to be wealthy, but what cared the outside world how he gained it. He was a sociable man, and not adverse to a moderate game of poker now and then at the clubroom or in a private parlor in the hotel, so that time did not hang heavy on his hands. However, as “conscience makes cowards of us all,” there were times when the spirit of unrest seized Breslin, and he longed to return to his home in the Buckeye state. One day, when conscience was more persistent than usual, Breslin prepared a statement of defalcation and in it he gave the names of the men who had borrowed the money and the amounts. This had printed in the Christian Advocate office and made them to Governor Chase, to the men who owed the money, and to the leading politicians of his party. The result was that one day in 1858, Governor Chase, William Gibson and a few of Breslin’s old political friends came to Hamilton and the whole question of defalcation was gone into. Breslin agreed to pay back what money was left, and the men who owed the notes also promised to make restitution as far as they were able, and the end of the interview was that Governor Chase would intercede in Breslin’s behalf and save him from the penitentiary. The party returned to Ohio, and a few weeks later, Breslin and his wife bade adieu to Hamilton.

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          Bill Gibson was indicted for complicity in Breslin’s embezzlement, and while it was generally conceded that he never profited a dollar in the use of the money, nor had he any part in Breslin’s skipping out to Canada, yet a sacrifice had to be offered, and as he was a prominent connection of Breslin, being his brother-in-law, poor Bill had to suffer the disgrace. The case was put over from one court to another till the war drums began to beat again in 1861. Gibson was among the first in Northern Ohio to offer his services to the government, and he helped raise one of the finest companies in that part of the state. In the burst of patriotic fervor, the indictment that was hanging over Gibson was nullified by the prosecuting attorney, and the celebrated embezzlement became only an unpleasant memory. Gibson distinguished himself as a soldier for bravery and skill in the field of battle, and when the war closed, he was mustered out with the rank of brigadier-general. Although he was always in demand as a stump speaker – and there was none better in the state – he was never able to get away from the stain of the embezzlement. He was an innocent sufferer for his guilty brother-in-law. Breslin dropped out of sight altogether. He never had the manliness to acquit Gibson of complicity in the robbery of the state treasury. It was generally thought that Breslin provided for his future out of the stolen funds. When Governor Chase was candidate for the United States senate from Ohio, he had to explain the whole transaction in which he showed that had it not been for his visit to Hamilton, Breslin would never have made restitution. Senator Chase became famous as secretary of the treasury in President Lincoln’s war cabinet, and was the father of the greenback. Breslin never again visited Hamilton. All connected with the celebrated defalcation and robbery of the Ohio treasury have answered the roll call, many of them washing out the stain on the field of battle during the war of 1861-65.

Friday, 7 September 2012

1903-01-24



Some man who is not up in the game has been writing to the newspapers that no one makes successful love in midwinter. Not for aught the writer knows that may be true of the present generation of young men, but time was when lovemaking did not depend upon the season. It takes winter’s wooing to bring about June marriages. It may be true that when warm weather begins, a young man’s fancy lightly turns to love; but in order to get him to that train of thought, it requires the discipline of a boarding house in winter, from which he is glad to escape to sit by the fire in the pleasant home of some sweet, loving girl. If the change of scene will not melt his heart and set him to thinking about “home, sweet home,” then he is not worthy of the love of any girl. Of course, this is not talking of present day conditions, for the winters and summers may have changed things from what they were when Hamilton had not more than one-fifth of its current population, and when the boys and girls were more equal in numbers. There was a chance for a young fellow to make a living and be able to look ahead to the time when he could go into business for himself. He could find a place in a store or workshop, and while the pay was not as much as now, one’s expenses were lighter and the extravagant habits of the present generation had not been cultivated. There was more of the clinging ivy in the nature of the girls, for they had not asserted their right to take a man’s place in the business world at less wages than would feed and decently clothe a man.
          But then the text is that successful love-making in winter is impossibility. It might not be hard to argue from that standpoint in the “winter of our discontent” when hard coal is quoted at $71 a ton and the dealers stare one in the face with a notice, in large letters, that they are not taking orders even at that fabulous price. Yet there is hope, even now, that the summer time will come by and by, when we can snap our fingers at the hard coal man and tell him to go to ---, and that we are independent of him and can laugh at his famine prices. Fifty years ago, young people lived in a fool’s paradise, and it made little difference to them what season of the year, winter or summer, that Dan Cupid started out on his archery expeditions. They made love in winter while sleigh-riding out to the tea meetings in the country churches, when a couple of dozen boys and girls would pile into a sleigh filled with straw and plenty of buffalo robes and go away over the mountain or out to Waterdown or down to Grimsby, when the mercury was trying to force its way out of the bottom of a thermometer, and the colder the weather, the closer they sat to each other. And what a warm welcome they got as they entered the church where the tea meeting was held, for the sale of tickets was increased beyond what the good sisters who had charge of the feast expected. Then when the spring came, what delightful times they had promenading up and down Lover’s Lane (Wellington street.) The young mn were not afraid of matrimony in those days, for they were reasonably sure of getting wives who were willing to begin life in a practical way. Nowadays young men are shy of the marriage knot, for the majority of girls were untrained in home life, and instead of being taught by their mothers how to cook a dinner, they attend lectures on domestic science and learn to make up dishes that take a dose of dyspepsia medicine to digest them.
          Winter is the ideal time for love making, for then the evenings are long and it is more cozy to be sitting by a warm fire, with a dear girl nesting close to one, than to be up in the attic of a boarding house hearing the wind whistling through the shingles, though it must be admitted that “the good old summertime” when the moon is shining brightly, with warm summer breezes, the fragrance from the blossoming flowers, and the soft, blinking stars to round out the picture, to one in a poetic mood – and all lovers sigh in poetry. People marry nowadays just the same as they did half a century ago, but they are slower about getting the license and calling in the services of a parson. Instead of marrying while the freshness of youth is in their hearts, they put off the happy day till the man has sown a harvest of wild oats and the girl becomes old-maidish and set in her ways. Life is too short to be always getting ready to do something and never reaching the point. Make love in the winter or “in the good old summertime,” but the moral of the story is that the earlier in life a young man marries the better it will be for his habits and futures, Instead of spending his evenings in club rooms playing poker or visiting the various thirst stations that are scattered here and there, every young man should get a home of his own and make himself and some sweet girl happy.

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          It is an old saying that one half of the world knows not how the other half is struggling to keep body and soul together, and then making a miserable failure of it. In the end, wealth and poverty occupy some space in the old Mother Earth when the journey terminates at God’s acres. When the roll call of the Old Boys is made next summer, one who came into this world at St. Catharines more  than eight years ago, and who spent part of his young manhood and all of his old age in Hamilton, will be marked on the roll as mustered. He could boast of being well-connected and all that, but it profited him nothing in the end. His side of the family tree did not bud and bloom in an atmosphere of luxury, so instead of becoming a professional man or a merchant, he learned in his youth the sartorial art and jogged along as a journeyman tailor till the war drums were beating across Niagara river, when, seized with a desire to shoulder a musket and wear a blue uniform, one of the incentives being the hard times prevailing about that time, he left wife and children and enlisted at Lockport, N. Y., where he then lived, receiving a bounty of over $600, which he gave to his wife. He served a year, and was then mustered out. His wife died and he tried matrimony again, but in the latter case, marriage was a failure. His children had gone out to make homes for themselves, and when old age came upon him he asked the government that he had served during the war to come to his help and the response wa a pension of $12 a month. With his frugal and temperate habits, the old man got along comfortably till sickness came within the past year. He was eccentric in his way, and talked but little of his earlier life. He lived alone in the western part of the city, and one day this week his neighbors sent word to Relief Officer McMenemy that he was sick and helpless, and Dr. Langrill and the relief officer went to see him and get his consent to be sent to the city hospital. He refused, and making him as comfortable as possible, they left him for the night. Mr. McMenemy was uneasy about the condition of the old man, and returned Wednesday to make one more effort to get his consent to go to the hospital, when he found his dead body lying on the floor. He had not been dead long for a bright fire was burning in the stove. Having no relatives or friends in the city to claim possession of the body, and without means for burial expenses, under the law the body might be sent to the medical college in Toronto for the dissecting room. As soon as Mr. McMenemy notified the United States consul of the death of the old soldier, and stated the law regarding the disposal of the body, the consul claimed it and guaranteed the cost of burial and the funeral will be from Blachford and Son’s undertaking rooms this afternoon. It was a fortunate thing for George O’Reilly, a native Canadian, that he enlisted in the United States army during the war of 1861-65. In his old age, the government he served provided for his wants with a pension of $12 a month, and when he died homeless and without a relative to bury him, the United States government, through its consul in this city, saw that the body had Christian burial and was kept from the dissecting table in a medical college.

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          The Old Boys and the Old Girls too, will remember when it was fashionable to carry a snuff box, and when friends met, the first act of courtesy was to bring out the box, tap the cover with their knuckles to loosen the snuff, and then take a pinch all around. Once that formality was out of the way, then a friendly gossip began. There was something sociable in the habit, even though it was rather uncleanly. Every bar had a dish of fragrant snuff for the use of customers, and before calling for his favorite tonsil irrigator, the customer first took a pinch. It is a rare thing nowadays to find anyone carrying a snuff box, yet it must not be understood that snuffing is one of the lost arts, even though tobacconists have done away with the Highlander that stood for a sign at the door, invitingly holding out a box of snuff. At Wilmington, Delaware, is located one of the largest snuffing mills in the world, and its managers say that 15,000,000 pounds of snuff were consumed in the united States and Canada during the year 1902. Fancy that quantity of ground tobacco being snuffed up the nostrils or used, as it is used by the poorer classes in the southern states, by dipping a stick into the fragrant stuff and chewing it. One must admit that snuff-taking, either by inhalation or by “dipping” as it is termed in the South, where the custom still prevails, is not a habit to be commended, but everyone to his taste, as the old woman said when she kissed her cow. The Swedes and Norwegians employed in the iron and steel mills in Worcester, Massachusetts, use about a ton of snuff every week, and the Scandinavians and other foreigners in Minnesota tickle their nostrils with about 200,000 pounds annually. New York consumers use half a million pounds yearly. The best quality of snuff is made of Perique tobacco, which is grown in two counties in the state of Louisiana. King Edward has revived the fashion of snuff-taking in England, and, as a consequence, to be in the swim, everyone will have to carry a box, which will help trade in the way of manufacturing snuff boxes. There are philosophers and scholars who clear their brains and tranquilize their minds by taking frequent pinches, for they claim it has medicinal properties. In the olden times, the Scotch and the Irish were a snuff-using people, but the later generations do not seem to follow the habits of their ancestors, although the custom still prevails at wakes to provide a dish of snuff with the clay pipes and tobacco.
          There is one snuff manufactory in Montreal which supplies the trade in Canada, the imports from the United States not exceeding 10,000 pounds a year with only 16 pounds from Great Britain and 511 pounds from other countries. There is a duty of 50 cents a pound on snuff imported into Canada. In Hamilton, the retail trade sells not more than 250 pounds of snuff annually, and that is largely used by old country people and foreigners, who learned the snuffing habit in their youth.